Looking for a Python job? This article explains Python interview questions and answers them for you. It explains both some Python coding interview questions but also some non-technical questions. This article also contains Python interview questions and answers for testers which can form a source of inspiration.Slightly related is which explains the difference between software engineers and software developers.Question 1: Why Python?Why would you use Python at all? There are several arguments to use Python over other programming languages. This really depends on the use case.
If you are facing a Data Science related job, then you would really argue for using Python. Here are some reasons in favor of using Python as a programming language:. It is dynamically typed. In a dynamically typed programming language, you do not need to specify the types of your variables. Because of that, you are programming on a higher level then when using programming languages like Java.
In Java you need to declare the types of your variables like in the following code snippet: int myInteger = 12. In Python, you can just do myInteger = 12. In machine learning projects, a lot of support is available for Python. There are large communities and libraries written in Python just for the sake of machine learning. One key ingredient why communities and libraries are depending heavily on Python, is the fact that it supports list comprehensions.Question 2: What is the difference between List, Set and Dict?The Python language has support for so called Python list comprehensions (read more about Python list comprehensions ). This allows you to transform mathematics into code in an elegant way.
Get ready for your Python programming interview. The first few questions are more Python-specific, and then we have a bunch of general data structures and algorithms questions in Python. Interview Cake is not just another question database—we walk you through the question step-by-step, giving hints and explanations as you need them, just like a real interviewer.
But first, let me explain the difference between lists, sets and dictionaries. Question 3: How does Python handle Compile-time and Run-time code checking?Python supports compile-time code checking up to some amount.
Most checks like checks for variable types are postponed until run-time code checking. Even if you use a custom function which is not defined, you will pass the compile-time checking. During run-time, Python raises exceptions if something is not right. Question 4: Name a few well-known Python packagesThere are a few extremely popular Python packages in the wild:. Pandas: A package providing flexible data structures for working with relational or labeled data.
NumPy: A package which allows you to work with numerical based data structures like tensors. Matplotlib: A 2D rendering engine written for Python. More information about Matplotlib can be found in. Tensorflow: A package used for constructing computational graphs.
Neural network and many machine learning models depend on these computational graphs. For example, you can build a GRU using Tensorflow. The implementation can be found.Question 5: How is memory managed in Python?Python has build-in garbage collection, which recycles and free unused memory and gives it back to its private heap space.All Python objects and data structures are allocated to resourced using a private heap in Python. The Python interpreter takes care of this private heap. Question 6: Give an overview of the Data Types used in PythonPython has immutable and mutable data types. Immutable data types are data types that cannot be modified during runtime. Mutable data types can be modified during runtime.
Python has the following build-in data types:. Lists (mutable). Sets (mutable). Dictionaries (mutable). Tuples (immutable). String (immutable). Number (float, int) (immutable)Question 7: What are lambda functions?Lambda functions are functions without a name.
One can for example define and use a lambda function as follows.
Python is the top most programming language these days. I have wrote a lot of python tutorials, here I am providing Python Interview Questions and Answers that will help you in python interview. These python interview questions are good for beginners as well as experienced programmers. There are coding questions too to brush up your coding skills. Python Interview QuestionsPython is getting a lot of attention, specially in the field of data science, pen testing, scientific and mathematical algorithm development, machine learning, artificial intelligence etc.I have been working on Python for more than 5 years now, all these python interview questions are coming from my learning on the job as well as the interviews I have taken for Python developers role. You should bookmark this post as I will keep on adding more interview questions to this list in future.Python Interview Questions and AnswersWhat is Python?
What are the benefits of using Python?Python is a high level object-oriented programming language. There are many benefits of using Python. Firstly, Python scripts are simple, shorter, portable and open-source.
Secondly, Python variables are dynamic typed. So you don’t need to think about variable type while coding.
Thirdly, Python classes has no access modifiers which Java have. So, you don’t need to think about access modifiers.
Lastly, Python provides us different library, data-structure to make our coding easier. Does Python use interpreter or compiler? What’s the difference between compiler and interpreter?Python uses interpreter to execute its scripts. The main difference between an interpreter and a compiler is, an interpreter translates one statement of the program to machine code at a time. Whereas, a compiler analyze the whole script and then translate it to machine code. For that reason the execution time of whole code executed by an interpreter is more than the code executed by compiler.What is PEP 8?Basically PEP 8 is a style guide for coding convention and suggestion.
The main objective of PEP 8 is to make python code more readable.What are the differences between Python 2.x and Python 3.x?Python 2.x is an older version of Python while Python 3.x is newer. Python 2.x is legacy now but Python 3.x is the present and future of this language. The most visible difference between them is in print statement. In Python 2 it is print “Hello” and in Python 3, it is print (“Hello”).Why do you need to make your code more readable?We need to make our code more readable so that other programmer can understand our code. Basically for a large project, many programmers work together.
So, if the readability of the code is poor, it will be difficult for other to improve the code later.How many Keywords are there in Python? And why should we know them?There are 33 keywords in Python. We should know them to know about their use so that in our work we can utilize them. Another thing is, while naming a variable, the variable name cannot be matched with the keywords. So, we should know about all the keywords.What are the built-in data-types in Python?The built-in data-types of Python are. Numbers.
Strings. Tuples. List. Sets. DictionaryAmong them, the first three are and the rest are mutable. To know more, you can read ourtutorial.How many types of operators Python has? Give brief idea about themPython has five types of operators.
What is namespace in Python?Namespace is the naming system to avoid ambiguity and to make name uniques. Python’s namespace is implemented using Python Dictionary. That means, is basically a key-value pair. For a given key, there will be a value.Why do we need Python Directories?Suppose, you are making some a software using Python where you need to read/write files from different directories.
The directories can be dynamic so that you cannot fix the directory from your code, rather you need to choose the directory dynamically. After choosing the directory, you may have to create a new directory or write a file or read a file from that directory. To do so, Python has introduced this facility.How to get current directory using Python?To get current Directory in Python, we need to use os module. Then, we can get the location of the current directory by using getcwd function. The following code will illustrate the ideaimport os #we need to import this moduleprint(os.getcwd) #print the current locationTo get more examples, see our tutorials on.Why Should We Use File Operation?We cannot always rely on run-time input. For example, we are trying to solve some problem.
But we can’t solve it at once. Also, the input dataset of that problem is huge and we need to test the dataset over and over again. In that case we can use Python File Operation. We can write the dataset in a text file and take input from that text file according to our need over and over again.Again, if we have to reuse the output of our program, we can save that in a file. Then, after finishing our program, we can analysis the output of that program using another program. In these case we need Python File Operation. Hence we need Python File Operation.How to close file?
Why should we close files?To close a file in Python we should use close function. Mainly there is two reasons why we should close files after use. Firstly, Python does not promise that it will close the files for us. The operating system does, when the program exits. If your program does something else for a while, or repeats this sequence of steps dozens of times, we could run out of resources, or overwrite something. Second, some operating system platforms won’t let the same file be simultaneously open for read-only and for write.
So, if the two filenames happened to be the same file, we might get an error trying to write without having closed the input file.To know more, see our tutorial on.What are python dictionaries?Python dictionary is basically a sequence of key-value pair. This means, for each key, there should be a value. All keys are unique. We can initialize a dictionary closed by curly braces.
Key and values are separated by semicolon and and the values are separated by comma.What are the differences between del keyword and clear function?The difference between del keyword and clear function is, del keyword remove one element at a time. But clear function removes all the elements.
The syntax to use the del keyword is:del dictionary‘key'While the syntax for clear function is:dictionary.clearTo know more see our tutorial on.What is Python Set?is an unordered collection of unique elements. Suppose you have a list and you need only the unique items of the list you can use Python Set. Similarly, if you need only unique items from input, Python set can help you to do so.
You can add or delete items from it.You can initialize a set by placing elements in between curly braces.How will you convert a string to a set in python?We can convert a string to a set in python by using set function. For examaple the following code will illustrate the ideaa = 'Peace'b = set(a)print(b)What a blank curly brace initialize? A dictionary or a set?Well, both and requires curly braces to initialize. But a blank curly brace or curly brace with no element, creates a dictionary. To create a blank set, you have to use set function.Explain split and join function.As the name says, Python’s split function helps to split a string into substrings based on some reference sequence. For example, we can split Comma Separated Values(CSV) to a list. On the other hand, join function does exactly the opposite.
Given a list of values you can make a comma separated values using join function.What is Python Decorator?Python decorator is a function that helps to add some additional functionalities to an already defined function. Python decorator is very helpful to add functionality to a function that is implemented before without making any change to the original function. Decorator is very efficient when want to give an updated code to an existing code.What do you understand by Python Generator?Python generator is one of the most useful and special python function ever. We can turn a function to behave as an iterator using python generator function. So, as similar to the iterator, we can call the next value return by generator function by simply using next function.What do you understand by Python iterator and Iterable elements?Most of the objects of Python are iterable.
In python, all the sequences like, etc are iterable. On the other hand, an iterator is an object which is used to iterate through an iterable element.What do you know about iterator protocol?Python Iterator Protocol includes two functions. One is iter and the other is next. Iter function is used to create an iterator of an iterable element. And the nextfunction is used to iterate to the next element.What will be output of the following code? Explainclass A:def init(self):self.name = 'John'self.age = 23def getName(self):return self.nameclass B:def init(self):self.name = 'Richard'self.id = '32'def getName(self):return self.nameclass C(A, B):def init(self):A.init(self)B.init(self)def getName(self):return self.nameC1 = Cprint(C1.getName)The output to the given code will be Richard.
The name when printed is ‘Richard’ instead of ‘John’. Because in the constructor of C, the first constructor called is the one of A. So, the value of name in C becomes same as the value of name in A.
But after that, when the constructor of B is called, the value of name in C is overwritten by the value of name in B. So, the name attribute of C retains the value ‘Richard’ when printed.Why do we need operator overloading?We need to compare between two objects. For example all kind of objects do not have specific operation what should be done if plus(+) operator is used in between two objects. This problem can be resolved by Python Operator Overloading. We can overload compare operator to compare between two objects of same class using python operator overloading.What is the difference between tuples and lists in Python?The main differences between lists and tuples are, is mutable while is immutable. Again, Lists are enclosed in brackets and their elements and size can be changed, while tuples are enclosed in parentheses and cannot be updated.How to compare two list?Two compare we can use cmp(a,b) function. This function take two lists as arguments as a and b.
It returns -1 if ab.How can you sort a list?We can sort a list by using sort function. By default a list is sorted in ascending order. The example is givenlistA.sortHow can you sort a list in reverse order?We can sort a in reverse order by using sort function while passing the value for key ’sorted’ as false. The following line will illustrate the idea.listA.sort(reverse=True)How will you remove all leading and trailing whitespace in string?Removing all leading whitespace can be done my by using rstrip function. On the other hand, all trailing whitespace can be removed by using lstrip function.
But there is another function by which the both operation can be done. That is, strip function.How can you pick a random item from a list or tuple?You can pick a random item from a list or tuple by using random.choice(listName) function.